Road tunnel lighting TS xxx

TS xxx Road tunnel lighting

1. ------IND- 2020 0059 SK- EN- ------ 20200312 --- --- PROJET
Road tunnel lighting TS 155

TS 155 Road tunnel lighting

1. ------IND- 2020 0059 SK- EN- ------ 20200930 --- --- FINAL

Ministry of Transport and Construction of the Slovak Republic

Department of Road Transport and Roads

TS xxx
TS 115

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Road tunnel lighting

Effective from: xx. xx. 20xx
Effective from: 1 June 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS


1.11 Related and cited departmental technical regulations 5

1.12 Applicable foreign regulations 6
1.12 Applicable foreign regulations 5

1.13 Literature used 6

1.14 Abbreviations used 7
1.14 Abbreviations used 6

1.15 Terms and definitions 7


6.1 Requirements for measuring instruments 40

6.2 Requirements for initial tunnel lighting measurement 43

6.3 Requirements for tunnel lighting control measurement 44
6.2 Requirements for initial tunnel lighting measurement 42

6.3 Requirements for tunnel lighting control measurement 43

6.4 Measurement uncertainty and error 44

6.5 Measurement evaluation 46
6.5 Measurement evaluation 45

7 The minimum requirements and method of conducting inspections and maintenance of road tunnel lighting. 47

7.1 Monthly inspections 48
7.1 Monthly inspections 47

Introductory chapter


Subject of the technical specifications (TS)

The subject of these technical specifications (TS) is the principles and procedures for the requirements for designing and implementing lighting systems, requirements for the material establishment of lighting systems, requirements for the photometric and colorimetric parameters of luminaires which are road lighting equipment in all tunnel zones, and requirements for measuring instruments used to measure lighting parameters of tunnel lighting systems. Further subjects of these TS are requirements for lighting systems of interior workstations of technical and associated tunnel areas in accordance with the legislation in effect in the Slovak Republic. The subject of these TS also includes procedures for verifying calculated parameters and continuous checking of lighting parameters for road tunnels via terrain measurements. ;
The subject of these technical specifications (TS) is the principles and procedures for the requirements for designing and implementing lighting systems, requirements for the material establishment of lighting systems, requirements for the photometric and colorimetric parameters of luminaires which are road lighting equipment in all tunnel zones, and requirements for measuring instruments used to measure lighting parameters of tunnel lighting systems. Further subjects of these TS are requirements for lighting systems of interior workstations of technical and associated tunnel areas in accordance with the legislation in effect in the Slovak Republic. The subject of these TS also includes procedures for verifying calculated parameters and continuous checking of lighting parameters for road tunnels via terrain measurements.

Purpose of the TS


Related and cited statutory regulations

[Z1] Act No 8/2009 on road traffic and on amendments and addenda to certain acts [Z2] Act No 135/1961 on roads (the Road Act), as amended [Z3] Act No 157/2018 on metrology and on amendments and addenda to certain acts [Z4] Directive 2004/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network [Z5] Government Regulation of the Slovak Republic No 344/2006 on the minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the road network [Z6] Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic Decree No 9/2009 implementing the act on road traffic and on amendments to certain acts [Z7] Federal Ministry of Transport Decree No 35/1984 implementing the Road Act [Z8] ÚNMS SR [Slovak Office of Standards, Metrology and Testing] Decree No 161/2019 on measuring instruments and metrological inspection [Z9] MZ SR [Slovak Ministry of Health] Decree 541/2007 on detailed requirements on lighting of workspaces, as amended
[Z1] Act No 8/2009 on road traffic and on amendments and addenda to certain acts; [Z2] Act No 135/1961 on roads (the Road Act), as amended; [Z3] Act No 157/2018 on metrology and on amendments and addenda to certain acts; [Z4] Directive 2004/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network; [Z5] Government Regulation of the Slovak Republic No 344/2006 on the minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the road network; [Z6] Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic Decree No 9/2009 implementing the act on road traffic and on amendments to certain acts; [Z7] Federal Ministry of Transport Decree No 35/1984 implementing the Road Act; [Z8] ÚNMS SR [Slovak Office of Standards, Metrology and Testing] Decree No 161/2019 on measuring instruments and metrological inspection; [Z9] MZ SR [Slovak Ministry of Health] Decree 541/2007 on detailed requirements on lighting of workspaces, as amended; [Z10] Implementing Decree No 30/2020 of the Ministry of the Interior on fire prevention.

Related and cited standards

STN 01 8020 Traffic signs on roads STN 36 0410 Road lighting. Selection of lighting classes STN 73 6100 Terminology for roads and highways STN 73 6101 Design of roads and highways STN 73 6195 Evaluation of anti-skid characteristics of road surfaces STN 73 7501 Design of underground structures for driven tunnels. Common provisions STN 73 7507 Road tunnel design STN EN 1463-1 (73 7015) Horizontal roadway marking materials. Retroreflective road studs. Part 1: Initial performance requirements STN EN 1463-2 (73 7015) Horizontal roadway marking materials. Retroreflective road studs. Part 2: Road test on testing stretch STN EN 1838 (36 0075) Light and lighting. Emergency lighting STN EN 12368 (73 6022) Traffic control equipment. Signal device STN EN 12464-1 (36 0074) Light and lighting. Illumination of work places. Part 1: Indoor work places STN EN 12665 (36 0070) Light and lighting. Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements STN EN 12899 (73 7021) Fixed, vertical road traffic signs. Part 1: Fixed traffic signs STN EN 12966 (73 7040) Vertical traffic signs. Traffic signs with variable symbols STN EN 13032-1+A1 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 1: Measurement and file format STN EN 13032-2 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 2: Presentation of data for indoor and outdoor work places STN EN 13032-3 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 3: Presentation of data for emergency lighting of work places STN EN 13032-4+A1 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires STN EN 13032-5 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 5: Presentation of data for luminaires used for road lighting STN EN 13201-2 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 2: Light performance requirements STN EN 13201-3 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 3: Calculation of light performance STN EN 13201-4 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance STN EN 16276 (36 0077) Evacuation lighting in road tunnels STN EN 50172 (36 0640) Emergency escape lighting systems STN EN 62504 General lighting. Light-emitting diode (LED) products and related equipment. Terms and definitions TNI CEN/CR 14380 (36 0412) Lighting. Lighting in tunnels. TNI CEN/TR 13201-1 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 1: Selection of lighting classes STN ISO 3864-1 (01 8012) Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings STN ISO 3864-4 (01 8012) Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials. STN EN ISO 7010 (01 8012) Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Registered safety signs (ISO 7010: 2011) STN EN ISO/IEC 17025 (01 5253) General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025: 2017)
STN 01 8020 Traffic signs on roads STN 36 0410 Road lighting. Selection of lighting classes STN 73 6100 Terminology for roads and highways STN 73 6101 Design of roads and highways STN 73 6195 Evaluation of anti-skid characteristics of road surfaces STN 73 7501 Design of underground structures for driven tunnels. Common provisions STN 73 7507 Road tunnel design STN EN 1463-1 (73 7015) Horizontal roadway marking materials. Retroreflective road studs. Part 1: Initial performance requirements STN EN 1463-2 (73 7015) Horizontal roadway marking materials. Retroreflective road studs. Part 2: Road test on testing stretch STN EN 1838 (36 0075) Light and lighting. Emergency lighting STN EN 12368 (73 6022) Traffic control equipment. Signal device STN EN 12464-1 (36 0074) Light and lighting. Illumination of work places. Part 1: Indoor work places STN EN 12665 (36 0070) Light and lighting. Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements STN EN 12899 (73 7021) Fixed, vertical road traffic signs. Part 1: Fixed traffic signs STN EN 12966 (73 7040) Vertical traffic signs. Traffic signs with variable symbols STN EN 13032-1+A1 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 1: Measurement and file format STN EN 13032-2 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 2: Presentation of data for indoor and outdoor work places STN EN 13032-3 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 3: Presentation of data for emergency lighting of work places STN EN 13032-4+A1 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires STN EN 13032-5 (36 0401) Light and lighting. Measurement and evaluation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires. Part 5: Presentation of data for luminaires used for road lighting STN EN 13201-2 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 2: Light performance requirements STN EN 13201-3 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 3: Calculation of light performance STN EN 13201-4 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance STN EN 16276 (36 0077) Evacuation lighting in road tunnels STN EN 50172 (36 0640) Emergency escape lighting systems STN EN 62504
(36 0293) General lighting. Light-emitting diode (LED) products and related equipment. Terms and definitions TNI CEN/CR 14380 (36 0412) Lighting. Lighting in tunnels. TNI CEN/TR 13201-1 (36 0410) Road lighting. Part 1: Selection of lighting classes STN ISO 3864-1 (01 8012) Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings STN ISO 3864-4 (01 8012) Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials. STN EN ISO 7010 (01 8012) Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Registered safety signs (ISO 7010: 2011) STN EN ISO/IEC 17025 (01 5253) General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025: 2017)

Note: Applicable and cited standards, including actual changes, amendments and national amendments.

Related and cited departmental technical regulations

[T1] TS 015 General principles of use of retroreflective road studs, MDPT SR: 2005 + Addendum No 1, MDVRR SR [Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic]: 2015 [T2] TS 020 Tunnel terminology, MDPT SR [Ministry of Transport, Post and Telecommunications of the Slovak Republic]: 2006 [T3] TS 025 Measurement and evaluation of the coarseness of roadways using SKIDDOMETER BV11 and PROFILOGRAPH GE, MDPT SR: 2007 [T4] TS 082 Road inspections, maintenance and repairs. Tunnels – technical equipment, MDVRR SR: 2014 [T5] TS 093 Central Control System and Visualisation — Tunnels, MDV SR [Slovak Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development]: 20xx (in revision) [T6] TS 099 Fire safety in road tunnels, MDV SR: 20xx (in preparation) [T7] TQC 0 General, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic: 2012 [T8] TKP 26 Tunnels, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic: 2017
[T1] TS 015 General principles of use of retroreflective road studs, MDPT SR: 2005 + Addendum No 1, MDVRR SR [Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic]: 2015; [T2] TS 020 Tunnel terminology, MDPT SR [Ministry of Transport, Post and Telecommunications of the Slovak Republic]: 2006; [T3] TS 025 Measurement and evaluation of the coarseness of roadways using SKIDDOMETER BV11 and PROFILOGRAPH GE, MDPT SR: 2007; [T4] TS 082 Road inspections, maintenance and repairs. Tunnels – technical equipment, MDVRR SR: 2014; [T5] TS 093 Central Control System and Visualisation — Tunnels, MDV SR [Slovak Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development]: 2020; [T6] TS 099 Fire safety in road tunnels, MDVRR SR: 2011; [T7] TQC 0 General, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic: 2012; [T8] TKP 26 Tunnels, Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development of the Slovak Republic: 2017.

Applicable foreign regulations


Literature used

HORŇÁK, P.: Výpočet a meranie svetelnotechnických vlastností osvetľovacích zariadení tunelov. [Calculation and measurement of technical light properties of tunnel lighting equipment. In: EE časopis pre elektrorechniku, elektroenergetiku, informačné a komunikačné technológie, 2009, [EE Journal for Electrical and Energy Engineering, Information and Communication Technology 2009], volume 15, no. 5, p. 12–17. CETU - Tunnel lighting guidelines. CETU – Signalling and support measures for self-evacuation of users from road tunnels. Schréder – Tunnels and underpasses. https://www.technoteam.de/ INDALUX – LIGHTING ENGINEERING 2002, [INDALUX – lighting manual].
HORŇÁK, P.: Výpočet a meranie svetelnotechnických vlastností osvetľovacích zariadení tunelov. [Calculation and measurement of technical light properties of tunnel lighting equipment. In: EE časopis pre elektrorechniku, elektroenergetiku, informačné a komunikačné technológie, 2009, [EE Journal for Electrical and Energy Engineering, Information and Communication Technology 2009], volume 15, no. 5, p. 12–1; CETU - Tunnel lighting guidelines; CETU – Signalling and support measures for self-evacuation of users from road tunnels; Schréder – Tunnels and underpasses; https://www.technoteam.de/; INDALUX – LIGHTING ENGINEERING 2002, [INDALUX – lighting manual].

Abbreviations used


Figure 1 Zones in a road tunnel

Približovacie pásmo Approach zone Medzné pásmo Threshold zone Prechodové pásmo Transition zone Vnútorné pásmo Interior zone Výjazdové pásmo Exit zone Vzďaľovacie pásmo Departure zone
Približovacie pásmo Approach zone Medzné pásmo Threshold zone Prechodové pásmo Transition zone Vnútorné pásmo Interior zone Výjazdové pásmo Exit zone Vzďaľovanie pásmo Departure zone

threshold zone lighting: lighting which illuminates the threshold zone and enables the driver to see into the interior of the tunnel from the approach zone


Lighting of long tunnels during the day is based on the approach zone luminance, which the threshold zone luminance value also depends on. The approach zone luminance value is either the highest luminance value of the approach zone which occurs over the course of the year, or the value which occurs in a particular part of the year (e.g. at least 75 h). The values of the required photometric parameters for the individual zones of a tunnel (threshold, transition, interior, exit) depend on the luminance value of the approach zone and the class of the tunnel based on the road traffic intensity in the tunnel in question. At night, tunnel lighting is maintained at a constant value recommended for the interior zone.

The lighting of a short road tunnel (underpass) is derived from the tunnel user’s ability to see the exit portal during the day from the braking distance before the entry portal, either in full or predominately. The field of vision which appears to the tunnel user from the braking distance before the entry portal must fully cover at least the macula of the tunnel user’s eye. Each case of lighting of a short road tunnel requires a specific study, because the ability to see through the tunnel may be influenced by many factors. The ability to see through the tunnel primarily depends on the length, width and height of the tunnel, horizontal and vertical curvature, etc. Short tunnels appear where a road passes below another road or railway crossing, or is covered as in the case of urban streets. Tunnels shorter than

25 m do not need lighting during the daytime; tunnels longer than 200 m always require a particular type of artificial lighting during the day. The procedure for determining the need for artificial lighting for short tunnels with a length between 25 to 200 m is specified in Article 3.17 of these TS.
The lighting of a short road tunnel (underpass) is derived from the tunnel user’s ability to see the exit portal during the day from the braking distance before the entry portal, either in full or predominately. The field of vision which appears to the tunnel user from the braking distance before the entry portal must fully cover at least the macula of the tunnel user’s eye. Each case of lighting of a short road tunnel requires a specific study, because the ability to see through the tunnel may be influenced by many factors. The ability to see through the tunnel primarily depends on the length, width and height of the tunnel, horizontal and vertical curvature, etc. Short tunnels appear where a road passes below another road or railway crossing, or is covered as in the case of urban streets. Tunnels shorter than 25 m do not

need lighting during the daytime; tunnels longer than 200 m always require a particular type of artificial lighting during the day. The procedure for determining the need for artificial lighting for short tunnels with a length between 25 to 200 m is specified in Article 3.17 of these TS.

Design and requirements for road tunnel lighting


Surface type Average luminance coefficient Q0 Mirror factor S1 Surface description C1 0.10 0.24 CIE C1 – concrete C2 0.07 0.97 CIE C2 – asphalt N1 0.10 0.18 CIE class = 1, diffuse surface N2 0.07 0.41 CIE Class = 1, concrete N3 0.07 0.88 CIE Class = 3, asphalt N4 0.08 1.55 CIE Class = 4, shiny asphalt R1 0.10 0.25 lES RP-8 – diffusion characteristics of portland cement or asphalt together with min. 15% lighter stone components R2 0.07 0.58 lES RP-8 – combination of diffuse and mirror reflection of asphalts containing 60% gravel larger than 10 mm or asphalts containing 10%–15% lighter stone components. R3 0.07 1.11 lES RP-8 – slight mirror effect typical of asphalt surfaces containing dark stone and rough texture after several months R4 0.08 1.55 lES RP-8 – predominately reflective surface typical of very smooth asphalt

Figure 2 Opposite lighting

Figure 3 Symmetrical lighting
Figure 2 – Opposite lighting

Figure 3 – Symmetrical lighting

Determination of total braking distance


3.3.2 Determination of approach zone luminance L20 based on analysis of the approach zone 20° conical field of view

When designing the lighting of a new tunnel, it is necessary to use the method based on analysis of the approach zone 20° conical field of view to determine the luminance of the approach zone L20 (see Figure 4 for example). Since the luminance value of the threshold zone is not known and the percentage proportion of the entrance zone is small, these values can be neglected and the resulting luminance L20 can be determined according to relation (2). The luminance value L20 determined according to this method is the maximum value and can be corrected after analysing the data luminance value of the distribution of the relative frequency of occurrence of L20. The factors γ, ρ,

ε are determined with the help of outlines of the entrance to the tunnel to scale or with photography from a distance equal to the total stopping distance before the entrance to the tunnel. If it is not possible to measure the luminance LC, LR, LE, then the values are determined from Table 6 [TNI CEN/CR 14380].
When designing the lighting of a new tunnel, it is necessary to use the method based on analysis of the approach zone 20° conical field of view to determine the luminance of the approach zone L20 (see Figure 4 for example). Since the luminance value of the threshold zone is not known and the percentage proportion of the entrance zone is small, these values can be neglected and the resulting luminance L20 can be determined according to relation (2). The luminance value L20 determined according to this method is the maximum value and can be corrected after analysing the data luminance value of the distribution of the relative frequency of occurrence of L20. The factors γ, ρ, ε are determined with the

help of outlines of the entrance to the tunnel to scale or with photography from a distance equal to the total stopping distance before the entrance to the tunnel. If it is not possible to measure the luminance LC, LR, LE, then the values are determined from Table 6 [TNI CEN/CR 14380].

(2)


ε proportion of the surrounding area in per cent.

Figure 4 Example of overview of tunnel portal with marking of 20° field of vision and individual percentage proportions v
Figure 4 – Example of overview of tunnel portal with marking of 20° field of vision and individual percentage proportions v

Table 6 – Approximate luminance value (kcd/m2) for various tunnel entrances and surroundings in a 20° field of vision


for S > 30 m, N = smallest whole value for which D ≤ 3 m holds true

Figure 5 Calculation grid for calculating the parameters on the road in the approach zone
Figure 5 – Calculation grid for calculating the parameters on the road in the approach zone

The same distribution of measurement points as in the calculation must be used when verifying the individual lighting parameters. When calculating lighting parameters in tunnel zones with a constant level of lighting, it is necessary to use a distribution of calculation points in accordance with STN EN 13201-3 (Figure 6). When calculating lighting parameters on walls tunnel zones with a constant level of lighting, it is necessary to use an algorithm in accordance with STN EN 13201-3 in the longitudinal direction as well. The number and heights of the individual rows of points are specified in Figure 7. In tunnel zones with a declining level of lighting, the number of points in the longitudinal direction must be selected so that the distance between them in the longitudinal direction is ≤ 3 m.

Figure 6 Calculation grid for calculating the parameters on the road in the tunnel (first half of threshold zone and interior zone)

Figure 7 Calculation grid for calculating the parameters on the wall in the tunnel (first half of threshold zone and interior zone)
Figure 6 – Calculation grid for calculating the parameters on the road in the tunnel (first half of threshold zone and interior zone)

Figure 7 – Calculation grid for calculating the parameters on the wall in the tunnel (first half of threshold zone and interior zone)

Tunnel wall lighting


Lth is 100% and t is the time in seconds.

Figure 8 Luminance curve in the threshold and transition zone
Figure 8 – Luminance curve in the threshold and transition zone

0.5 DS 0.5 DS Lth Lth Medzné pásmo Threshold zone Brzdná dráha Braking distance Prechodové pásma Transition zones t. sec. t. sec.


When calculating the threshold increase TI in the relevant area, the calculation must also include the luminaires which are used to illuminate the emergency exit.

Figure 9 Sample arrangement of elements for an entrance to a cross connection
Figure 9 – Sample arrangement of elements for an entrance to a cross connection

1 – emergency exit, 2 – outline luminaire, 3 – combined luminaire for emergency fire lighting and luminous traffic sign no. II 20 a, b, c as per [Z6], 4 – pair of luminous II 19a and II 19b traffic signs as per [Z6], 5 – luminaire for illuminating the area in front of the emergency exit.


In case of cross connections in a road tunnel, one must distinguish between cross connections for vehicles and cross connections for pedestrians (Figure 10).

Figure 10 Vehicle cross connection for (left), pedestrians cross connection (right)
Figure 10 – Vehicle cross connection for (left), pedestrians cross connection (right)

Tunelová rúra Tunnel tube Prejazdné priečne prepojenie Vehicle cross connection Priečne prepojenie pre chodcov Pedestrian cross connection


Requirements for illuminating short road tunnels

The need for artificial lighting of short tunnels during the daytime is assessed on the basis of visibility of other road users from a distance which equals the total stopping distance in front of the

entry portal as compared to the scene behind the exit portal, which is illuminated by daylight. Artificial lighting is not required if the exit portal forms a large part of the visible scene which is seen beyond other users and objects which appear to be dark compared to the lighter scene of the exit portal. Artificial lighting is required in the daytime if the exit from the tunnel forms a large dark field in which objects may be hidden. This may happen if the tunnel is relatively “long” or if a short tunnel curves in such a way that only part of the exit portal is visible, or if it is not visible at all. A critical factor for drivers approaching from a distance equal to the total stopping distance in front of the entry portal is the clarity of visibility of vehicles, other road users or obstacles. Tunnels shorter than 25 m do not require illumination by day. The necessity of artificial lighting by day must always be assessed for tunnels 25 m – 200 m long. Artificial lighting must always be established in tunnels longer than 200 m.
The need for artificial lighting of short tunnels during the daytime is assessed on the basis of visibility of other road users from a distance which equals the total stopping distance in front of the entry portal as compared to the scene behind the exit portal, which is illuminated by daylight. Artificial lighting is not required if the exit portal forms a large part of the visible scene which is seen beyond other users and objects which appear to be dark compared to the lighter scene of the exit portal. Artificial lighting is